The word containment in the cross-connection industry is an important one. The IAPMO Backflow Prevention Manual lists the definition as: The water suppliers backflow prevention policy of installing protection after the public distribution system service connection and prior to any branch in the water...

What is the definition of hot water? According to the 2018 Uniform Plumbing Code, hot water is: Water at a temperature exceeding or equal to 120-degree Fahrenheit or 49 degree Celsius. That seems straight forward and simple. The minimum or maximum temperature of water is something that has become topic...

The testing of backflow prevention assemblies is something almost everyone working in the plumbing, mechanical, or water industry agrees is a necessary part of the protection the water supply. All three model plumbing codes state that assemblies should be tested when installed, when repaired, when relocated,...

An often-asked question when I speak to industry groups or receive calls from people in the field is "what are the requirements for containment of point of service protection within the plumbing code?" In truth the code does not address containment protection. Plumbing codes deal with cross-connection...

Introduction As the winner of the World Plumbing Council Scholarship, I visited Hong Kong to investigate approaches to training and materials used for plumbing. The findings in this report[1] create a rich empirical backdrop for the story that unfolds. It discusses the risk to health from lead in the water...